:mod:`plistlib` --- Generate and parse Mac OS X ``.plist`` files ================================================================ .. module:: plistlib :synopsis: Generate and parse Mac OS X plist files. .. moduleauthor:: Jack Jansen .. sectionauthor:: Georg Brandl .. (harvested from docstrings in the original file) .. index:: pair: plist; file single: property list **Source code:** :source:`Lib/plistlib.py` -------------- This module provides an interface for reading and writing the "property list" files used mainly by Mac OS X and supports both binary and XML plist files. The property list (``.plist``) file format is a simple serialization supporting basic object types, like dictionaries, lists, numbers and strings. Usually the top level object is a dictionary. To write out and to parse a plist file, use the :func:`dump` and :func:`load` functions. To work with plist data in bytes objects, use :func:`dumps` and :func:`loads`. Values can be strings, integers, floats, booleans, tuples, lists, dictionaries (but only with string keys), :class:`Data`, :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytesarray` or :class:`datetime.datetime` objects. .. versionchanged:: 3.4 New API, old API deprecated. Support for binary format plists added. .. seealso:: `PList manual page `_ Apple's documentation of the file format. This module defines the following functions: .. function:: load(fp, \*, fmt=None, use_builtin_types=True, dict_type=dict) Read a plist file. *fp* should be a readable and binary file object. Return the unpacked root object (which usually is a dictionary). The *fmt* is the format of the file and the following values are valid: * :data:`None`: Autodetect the file format * :data:`FMT_XML`: XML file format * :data:`FMT_BINARY`: Binary plist format If *use_builtin_types* is true (the default) binary data will be returned as instances of :class:`bytes`, otherwise it is returned as instances of :class:`Data`. The *dict_type* is the type used for dictionaries that are read from the plist file. The exact structure of the plist can be recovered by using :class:`collections.OrderedDict` (although the order of keys shouldn't be important in plist files). XML data for the :data:`FMT_XML` format is parsed using the Expat parser from :mod:`xml.parsers.expat` -- see its documentation for possible exceptions on ill-formed XML. Unknown elements will simply be ignored by the plist parser. The parser for the binary format raises :exc:`InvalidFileException` when the file cannot be parsed. .. versionadded:: 3.4 .. function:: loads(data, \*, fmt=None, use_builtin_types=True, dict_type=dict) Load a plist from a bytes object. See :func:`load` for an explanation of the keyword arguments. .. versionadded:: 3.4 .. function:: dump(value, fp, \*, fmt=FMT_XML, sort_keys=True, skipkeys=False) Write *value* to a plist file. *Fp* should be a writable, binary file object. The *fmt* argument specifies the format of the plist file and can be one of the following values: * :data:`FMT_XML`: XML formatted plist file * :data:`FMT_BINARY`: Binary formatted plist file When *sort_keys* is true (the default) the keys for dictionaries will be written to the plist in sorted order, otherwise they will be written in the iteration order of the dictionary. When *skipkeys* is false (the default) the function raises :exc:`TypeError` when a key of a dictionary is not a string, otherwise such keys are skipped. A :exc:`TypeError` will be raised if the object is of an unsupported type or a container that contains objects of unsupported types. An :exc:`OverflowError` will be raised for integer values that cannot be represented in (binary) plist files. .. versionadded:: 3.4 .. function:: dumps(value, \*, fmt=FMT_XML, sort_keys=True, skipkeys=False) Return *value* as a plist-formatted bytes object. See the documentation for :func:`dump` for an explanation of the keyword arguments of this function. .. versionadded:: 3.4 The following functions are deprecated: .. function:: readPlist(pathOrFile) Read a plist file. *pathOrFile* may be either a file name or a (readable and binary) file object. Returns the unpacked root object (which usually is a dictionary). This function calls :func:`load` to do the actual work, see the documentation of :func:`that function ` for an explanation of the keyword arguments. .. note:: Dict values in the result have a ``__getattr__`` method that defers to ``__getitem_``. This means that you can use attribute access to access items of these dictionaries. .. deprecated:: 3.4 Use :func:`load` instead. .. function:: writePlist(rootObject, pathOrFile) Write *rootObject* to an XML plist file. *pathOrFile* may be either a file name or a (writable and binary) file object .. deprecated:: 3.4 Use :func:`dump` instead. .. function:: readPlistFromBytes(data) Read a plist data from a bytes object. Return the root object. See :func:`load` for a description of the keyword arguments. .. note:: Dict values in the result have a ``__getattr__`` method that defers to ``__getitem_``. This means that you can use attribute access to access items of these dictionaries. .. deprecated:: 3.4 Use :func:`loads` instead. .. function:: writePlistToBytes(rootObject) Return *rootObject* as an XML plist-formatted bytes object. .. deprecated:: 3.4 Use :func:`dumps` instead. The following classes are available: .. class:: Dict([dict]): Return an extended mapping object with the same value as dictionary *dict*. This class is a subclass of :class:`dict` where attribute access can be used to access items. That is, ``aDict.key`` is the same as ``aDict['key']`` for getting, setting and deleting items in the mapping. .. deprecated:: 3.0 .. class:: Data(data) Return a "data" wrapper object around the bytes object *data*. This is used in functions converting from/to plists to represent the ```` type available in plists. It has one attribute, :attr:`data`, that can be used to retrieve the Python bytes object stored in it. .. deprecated:: 3.4 Use a :class:`bytes` object instead The following constants are available: .. data:: FMT_XML The XML format for plist files. .. versionadded:: 3.4 .. data:: FMT_BINARY The binary format for plist files .. versionadded:: 3.4 Examples -------- Generating a plist:: pl = dict( aString = "Doodah", aList = ["A", "B", 12, 32.1, [1, 2, 3]], aFloat = 0.1, anInt = 728, aDict = dict( anotherString = "", aThirdString = "M\xe4ssig, Ma\xdf", aTrueValue = True, aFalseValue = False, ), someData = b"", someMoreData = b"" * 10, aDate = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.mktime(time.gmtime())), ) with open(fileName, 'wb') as fp: dump(pl, fp) Parsing a plist:: with open(fileName, 'rb') as fp: pl = load(fp) print(pl["aKey"])