public member function
<map>

std::map::erase

(1)
     void erase (iterator position);
(2)
size_type erase (const key_type& k);
(3)
     void erase (iterator first, iterator last);
(1)
iterator  erase (const_iterator position);
(2)
size_type erase (const key_type& k);
(3)
iterator  erase (const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
Erase elements
Removes from the map container either a single element or a range of elements ([first,last)).

This effectively reduces the container size by the number of elements removed, which are destroyed.

Parameters

position
Iterator pointing to a single element to be removed from the map.
This shall point to a valid and dereferenceable element.
Member types iterator and const_iterator are bidirectional iterator types that point to elements.
k
Key of the element to be removed from the map.
Member type key_type is the type of the elements in the container, defined in map as an alias of its first template parameter (Key).
first, last
Iterators specifying a range within the map container to be removed: [first,last). i.e., the range includes all the elements between first and last, including the element pointed by first but not the one pointed by last.
Member types iterator and const_iterator are bidirectional iterator types that point to elements.

Return value

For the key-based version (2), the function returns the number of elements erased, which in map containers is at most 1.

Member type size_type is an unsigned integral type.

The other versions return no value.
The other versions return an iterator to the element that follows the last element removed (or map::end, if the last element was removed).

Member type iterator is a bidirectional iterator type that points to an element.

Example

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// erasing from map
#include <iostream>
#include <map>

int main ()
{
  std::map<char,int> mymap;
  std::map<char,int>::iterator it;

  // insert some values:
  mymap['a']=10;
  mymap['b']=20;
  mymap['c']=30;
  mymap['d']=40;
  mymap['e']=50;
  mymap['f']=60;

  it=mymap.find('b');
  mymap.erase (it);                   // erasing by iterator

  mymap.erase ('c');                  // erasing by key

  it=mymap.find ('e');
  mymap.erase ( it, mymap.end() );    // erasing by range

  // show content:
  for (it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); ++it)
    std::cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << '\n';

  return 0;
}

Output:
a => 10
d => 40

Complexity

For the first version (erase(position)), amortized constant.
For the second version (erase(val)), logarithmic in container size.
For the last version (erase(first,last)), linear in the distance between first and last.

Iterator validity

Iterators, pointers and references referring to elements removed by the function are invalidated.
All other iterators, pointers and references keep their validity.

Data races

The container is modified.
The elements removed are modified. Concurrently accessing other elements is safe, although iterating ranges in the container is not.

Exception safety

Unless the container's comparison object throws, this function never throws exceptions (no-throw guarantee).
Otherwise, if a single element is to be removed, there are no changes in the container in case of exception (strong guarantee).
Otherwise, the container is guaranteed to end in a valid state (basic guarantee).
If an invalid position or range is specified, it causes undefined behavior.

See also

map::clear
Clear content (public member function )
map::insert
Insert elements (public member function )
map::find
Get iterator to element (public member function )

C++